Tag Archives: religion

Ram Janma Bhoomi- An Epic Saga

Posted on by
1

On the 22nd of January 2024, Ayodhya will resonate with the euphoric chants of ‘Jai Shree Ram.’ The Pran Pratishtha ceremony leading up to the installation of the Ram Lalla idol, followed by the first Aarti will be performed by the Prime Minister-guided by Hindu Pandits- with 7000 special guests invited by the Temple Trust in attendance. The Consecration ceremony will illuminate and reverberate not only across our vast nation but also with millions of devotees across the world

Flashback. In 1885, Mahant Raghubir Das filed the first suit to build a temple on the land adjacent to the mosque. Denied permission by the District Magistrate, Faizabad. In December 1949 a Ram idol was found in the mosque and the faithful started offering prayers. The Indian Government declared the site ‘a contested area’ and locked the gates. The following year permission was granted by the Faizabad Court to conduct pooja for Sri Ram Lalla but only in the minor courtyard with the main gates remaining closed. In 1961, the UP Sunni Wakf Board filed a suit seeking possession of the Babri Masjid and demanding the removal of the Hindu idols.

It was in 1984 that the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) started the Ramjanmabhoomi movement as we know it now. BJP leader Mr LK Advani took the reins of the campaign. In 1986, the Babri Masjid Action Committee (BMAC) was formed as the opposing party. In the meantime, the Shah Bano case made headlines with the Supreme Court (SC) ruling in favour of the elderly, divorced Muslim woman- that she gets monthly maintenance from her re-married husband.  This was contrary to Muslim Personal Law and to appease the conservative elements in the community, the Mr Rajiv Gandhi government with 400+ MPs in the Lok Sabha overturned the SC judgement by amending the law itself.  In this balancing act political drama, the Government in 1986 allowed the Hindus to do Pooja and have darshan after opening the gates. A tipping point of sorts happened in November 1989 when the VHP was permitted to perform Shilanyas (lay foundation stone) near the Masjid.

On to the Rath Yatra led by Mr Advani in September 1990 from Somnath (Gujarat) to Ayodhya ( Uttar Pradesh). The movement mobilised huge public support leading to the 6th of December 1992 – when Hindu karsevaks demolished the Babri Masjid and left behind a makeshift temple. More than 50 of this violent mob were killed in police firings. Communal riots broke out in many parts of the country. More than 900 died in the Mumbai riots of December 1992 and January 1993. Culminating in the deadly Mumbai serial blasts of March 1993, orchestrated by Dawood Ibrahim from Dubai. To control a volatile situation the Congress-led government passed an ordinance to acquire the ‘contested land.’

All the suits related to the Ayodhya land title dispute had been transferred to the Allahabad High Court in 1989. The needle moves to 2003. The Court authorises the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to excavate the land and give its findings with evidence. The 574-page report was submitted in August 2003. The only public takeaway was that ‘of a very large structure that considerably pre-dated the Babri Masjid’. In September 2010, the Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court split the land 3 ways- Ram Lalla Virajman, UP Sunni Wakf Board and Nirmohi Akhara (a Hindu order of warrior saints who managed many temples in the region).

Finally on the 9th September 2019, when a full bench of the Supreme Court of India ordered the Government of India to create a Trust to build the Ram Mandir and to form a Board of Trustees within 3 months. The entire 2.77 acres of disputed land was passed to the custody of the Trust. 5 acres of land was allotted to the UP Sunni Wakf Board at a suitable place within Ayodhya to construct a mosque.

The commonly accepted narrative is that the first Mughal Emperor Babur ordered the demolition of the Ayodhya temple in 1528 and got the Masjid built on its ground,( hence the Babri Masjid). During the arguments in the SC a reference to Babur’s visit to Ayodhya (as mentioned in Baburnama- a book by Babur) was brought up. However, the Advocate for the opposing side clarified that 2 pages of the Baburnama were missing (whether about the Ayodhya temple remains unclear). Kishore Kunal, former IPS officer, in his book ‘Ayodhya Revisited’, is of the firm opinion that the temple was not destroyed in 1528 but in 1660 by Fidayi Khan, a governor appointed by Emperor Aurangzeb. This timeline seems to be in sync with the accounts of English travellers William Finch (1608-11) an English merchant with the East India Company (EIC) and Captain William Hawkins (EIC Ambassador) who both landed in Surat in August 1608 and spent more than 2 years at Emperor Jahangir’s court. Finch visited the fort in Ayodhya where Hindus believed Lord Ram was born and mentions it in his accounts. Hawkins also refers to the sacred town of Ayodhya in his travelogues (William Foster’s book “ Early Travels in India’- accounts of 7 English travellers in India).

Perhaps, most significantly, Austrian Jesuit missionary Joseph Tiefenthaler suggests in his works that the Ram temple was demolished by Aurangzeb. This European geographer came to India in 1743 and visited Ayodhya in the 1760s.’ He refers to a particularly famous spot called Sita Rasoi- or table of Sita- the revered wife of Shri Ram. He states that Aurangzeb demolished the fortress and erected a mosque in its place to prevent heathens from practising their ceremonies. However, they have continued to practice their religious ceremonies knowing that they have been to the birthplace of Ram by going around it 3 times and prostrating on the ground. On the left is a square box called Bistar palana (cradle) where Ram (Vishnu) and his 3 brothers were born. In the month of Chaitra, a large number of people gather together to celebrate the birthday of Ram, extremely popular throughout India.’

The Ayodhya Kanda Recitation was recorded in writing by Mr Robert Montgomery after the 1857 Uprising or Mutiny as he calls it. He was the Chief Commissioner of Oudh or Avadh in 1858-59.

In 1975-76 Mr B B Lal, Director General ASI and his team started excavating the Archaeology of Ramayana- Ayodhya, Bharadwaj Ashram, Nandigram, Chitrakoot, Shringverapur In his 2008 book, ‘Rama- His Histrocity, Mandir and Setu’ he states that ‘attached to the piers of the Babri Masjid there were 12 stone pillars which carried not only typical Hindu motifs and mouldings but also figurines of Hindu deities. It was self-evident that the pillars were not an integral part of the Masjid but were foreign to it.’ Another eminent archaeologist Mr K K Muhammed who was part of the team reveals in his book, “An Indian I Am” that he found the remains of the temple on the western side of the mosque. The 12 pillars were constructed with Hindu symbolism including Ashtamangala signs (8 auspicious objects as per Hindu practice and astrology.) They also found terracotta figurines of humans-men and women- and animals.’ Mr Muhammed clearly states that ‘his findings were suppressed by Marxist historians like Prof Irfan Habib who was very powerful and influential with the Indian Council of Historical Research and with many leading newspapers’. Irfan Habib and his powerful supporters even spread the lie that Mr KK Muhammed had not been a part of the ASI excavation team at Ayodhya. This coterie also went all-out to tarnish the image of the ASI after they submitted their 2003 report to the Allahabad High Court. In the early 1980s also the ASI was under tremendous pressure to play down and not to reveal the excavation findings. Recommend that you read Mr Muhammed’s book as a tribute to his passion, courage and integrity as a professional and to learn about his other interesting digs and excavations.

The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) clan led by Irfan Habib had 25 influential intellectuals including Dr Romila Thapar. They hyped up the narrative that the legendary Ayodhya of the Ramayana was a purely mythical city and was not the same as present-day Ayodhya. However, they fumbled with the name Saket which historically is one and the same as Ayodhya. Their overwhelming influence with the powers that be and the Sunni Wakf Board ensured that there could not be any out-of-court compromise solution as some moderate Muslim leaders recommended. Former Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Chancellor Lt General (Retd) Zameeruddin Shaikh said that the Muslims should take the initiative of handing over the land to the Hindus and facilitate a harmonious out-of-court settlement. In November 2019, before the Supreme Court judgement the then AMU Chancellor and Professor Tariq Mansoor cautioned the students against false propaganda. They should accept the decision of the highest court with maturity, respect and restraint.

The Nay-Sayers and Obstructionists were in for a shock when during the demolition of the Masjid in 1992, 3 inscriptions on large stones were found. The most important was the Vishnu-Hari inscription of 20 lines in the Nagari script on a 1.10m by 0.56m stone. Shri Ajay Shastri, Chairman of the Epigraphical Society of India examined the inscriptions and observed, ‘Line 15 clearly tells us that a beautiful temple of Vishnu-Hari built with heaps of stones and beautified by golden spires, unparalleled by any other temple built by earlier kings was constructed. This wonderful temple was built in the temple city of Ayodhya situated in the Saketmandala ( Saket district). Line 19 describes God Vishnu as destroying Bali and the 10-headed personage.’ Prof Meenakshi Jain again exposes Irfan Habib who first dismissed the inscription as from a private collection and then alleged that it was stolen from the Lucknow museum and surreptitiously placed at the site. In fact, the Lucknow museum inscription was the ‘Tretha ka Thakur’ one –another Ayodhya temple demolished at Aurangzeb’s orders. The Director of the Lucknow Museum refuted the canard spread by Habib and displayed the inscription in the custody of the museum.

After the Supreme Court judgement, it was decided by the Sunni Wakf Board and the Management Committee that the mosque would be constructed on a 5-acre land at Dhannipur, around 25 km from the temple. It will be named after the Holy Prophet of Islam- Mohammed Bin Abdullah Masjid. Top clerics from several countries would be invited including the Honourable Imam, who leads the prayers at the Grand Mosque of Mecca. It will be the largest mosque in India and will have the world’s biggest Quran- measuring 21ft high and 36ft wide.

It is imperative to see the Ram Janmabhoomi saga in the global context. In 2020, the Erdogan-led government in Turkiye converted the famous UNESCO-declared heritage site and cultural museum, Hagia Sophia, into a mosque. It had earlier been a Christian Orthodox Church and Mosque and a Museum since 1934. The Icons of the Virgin Mary and the Infant Christ were covered by fabric curtains. Since 2017, the authoritarian Chinese Communist Party has destroyed or closed down hundreds of mosques in Xinjiang province (North-West) and Ningxia and Gansu provinces in the North – where the majority of the Muslim populace live. Total silence from our Comrade intellectuals. Going back to 1490- the Spanish Crown ordered all the Muslims to convert to Christianity. Over the next 100 years 3 million Muslims fled from Spain to North Africa. The last of the Moors adhering to Islam were expelled in 1610. The Iconic Cathedral of Cordoba, dedicated to Santa Maria, had been a mosque till the 13th century. Unfortunately, world history is replete with such events. Hark back to the cautionary words attributed to Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana,’ those who don’t learn from history are doomed to repeat it.’ Discussion, Reconciliation and even some Compromise may be the only way out through difficult, divisive situations.

So on the 22nd of January, Ayodhyanagari will rejoice to the traditional sound of the conches and bells; the melodious bhajans and kirtans; the overwhelming fragrance of fresh flowers and incense. At night time, there will be thousands of lamps on the banks of the river Sarayu. In the months after the temple inauguration, around 1 lakh pilgrims each day are expected at Ayodhya.  Hotels, Hostels and homestays will be full to capacity and beyond. Buses and cabs will be on demand 24/7. Restaurants will have stand-and-eat tables and nukkad chai shops will struggle to keep pace with the relentless sipping of the beverage. Flower sellers and general merchants will be constantly stocking up their wares. The ancient town of Ayodhya, whilst retaining its spiritual core, will transform into a bustling city with a classic airport and railway station and with all the amenities.

The economic boom will be humongous for lakhs of local people in the city and the neighbourhood- transcending religion and communities.

Communism- A Utopian Fallacy

Posted on by
1

IMG-20190928-WA0005

The Red Pantheon

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the co-authors of the Communist Manifesto which goes back to 1847. It defined the principles of the new political party-the Communist party.  Both were Germans, political theorists, philosphers and revolutionaries in the guise of social scientists. But it was not until the Russian Revolution of 1917 led by Lenin did this dogma shake up the world, dominate the 20th century geopolitics and culminate in the prolonged and bitter cold war hostilities.

A communist state became a State that was administered by a single party- guided by the Marxist/Leninist/Maoist philosophy.

The doctrine quickly took over Eastern Europe, conquered China and parts of Asia, spread to Africa and Latin America with Cuba becoming a flag-bearer and a flash-point. Think Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, North Korea, Congo, Angola, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Chile. The footprint grew rapidly.

The charm of this philosophy lay in its egalitarian, utopian, humane, and idealistic welfare promise. A better socio-economic order. Remember the oft quoted definition of communism- “a theory or system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community or state where each person contributes according to their ability and gets according to their needs”.

Even the academia and activists in Europe were swept away by the fervour. There were secret societies at Oxford and Cambridge affiliated to the Communist ideology in the 1920’s and 1930’s. Remember Kim Philby, the spy who went into the cold in the 60’s.  Also the romantic idolisation of Che Guevera, the bearded guerrilla whose face continues to adorn T shirts around the world.

Independent India was not immune to the charms of this ideology. Nehru was a huge admirer of the Stalinist 5 year plan and the heavy industries model. Many politicos, bureaucrats, professors, economists, authors, social activists fell into line. West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura had communist govts. The southern state remains a bastion. We became an ally of the Soviet bloc despite our non-aligned pretensions. Remember Tashkent Files.

Despite the collapse of communism in the early 1990’s, the rosy narrative continues to hold its grip. People who continue this storyline remain comrades dedicated to the movement.

Let’s look beyond the spin.

Hitler continues to be the poster-boy of genocide. But what about the millions and millions brutally killed by Stalin, Mao, the Dear Leaders in North Korea? The horrific stories about the Gulag prisons in Siberia surfaced in the early ‘70s.  Why do these guys not talk about the vicious Khmer Rouge regime of Pol Pot in Cambodia? Millions died and disappeared. Remember Chairman Mao’s famous words- “Power grows out of the barrel of a gun”, put into practice during the infamous ‘Great Leap Forward’ and the ‘Cultural Revolution’. His portrait continues to adorn some of our universities and political offices. Lenin, Stalin, Mao and later Castro and Chavez are the pantheon of great leaders. All cruel dictators and proponents of an authoritarian, violent ideology. They continue to be deified. Their present-day followers continue to hold forth in a patronising way- as intellectuals, human rights activists and social reformers.

The Naxalbari movement took root in a village near Siliguri in 1967. Led by Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal it heralded a peasant revolution. It did lead to substantial land reforms- equitable distribution of land to the landless and enumeration of farmers. The loyalty dividends were such that the Left Government in West Bengal lasted from 1977 to 2011. But then the Naxal movement degenerated from its noble high to a violent, underground movement which holds sway in parts of Chhatisgarh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The AK series rifles and IED’s are provided by China and Pakistan. An interesting review conducted a few years back revealed that young tribal recruits were enamoured by the uniforms and the guns. Then they lord over their communities and detonate the mines which kill thousands of our security forces. Another interesting dimension is that they have metamorphed into a mafia-like business syndicate. After all, power grows from the barrel of a gun.

What then about these state-contolled economies? How do they fare now?

Deng Xiao Ping who followed Mao jettisoned the Great Leader’s ideology. His mantra was-  “What does it matter if a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice”. Sacrilege! But 40 years later China is the world’s second largest economy. The factory to the world. The capital of off-shoring. Leveraging its cheap labour to power the world’s biggest brands and plants. Benefiting from and eating into the tech-transfer. Transforming this huge country into one of the world’s biggest markets. It continues to be governed with an iron fist by a single party and a strongman at the head. This is State Capitalism- a la Chinese.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has struggled with its economy which is heavily dependent on oil, natural gas and minerals. It has been hurt by economic sanctions. An embarrassing downslide for a country which once was the other superpower. A big climb-down from the rapid industrialisation which took place in the ‘30s and the ‘50s- heavy industries such as steel, minerals, power, infrastructure, aviation, automobile……. Interestingly at the outset many of these factories were dismantled ones from the US and Europe and many technicians from these countries were lured with higher salaries. Meanwhile, the collectivisation experiment in agriculture was a disaster.

The melt-down of oil-rich Venezuela is another example of the collapse of the command economy model. Many Eastern Europe countries are struggling to play catch-up with their Western counterparts.

The contrast between the erstwhile West and East Germanys is glaring. Even four decades after reunification and the pumping in of $2 trillion in aid, wages in the East are 25-40% behind the West and unemployment is almost double.

Cuba has achieved success in providing healthcare and was once rated as high as 25th on the world healthcare index.

In a similar vein the Indian state of Kerala can boast of some of the best medicare and wellness in the country. The literacy rate is also in the mid-ninetees. Yet most of its young population looks to go to the Gulf and South East Asia to secure a better future. The State economy does not provide enough employment opportunities.

The ideal of Marx and Engels did not factor in power-grab, hierarchy or the ills of corruption. The oligarchs who surround and support Putin are virtually the Mafia. In China, corruption is endemic. When big brother is watching and has the power to summarily put one behind bars, the business world cooperates. Russian and Chinese names figure prominently as money launderers in the Panama Papers along with their capitalist brethren from the US, Europe and Asia. Money truly does unite.

What about India? The cut-money scandal in West Bengal to facilitate government scheme benefits has come as a huge embarrassment for the Mamata Banerjee government. But what the media is keeping quiet about is that this was a common practice with the CPI (M) cadres also for many decades. Also that the goon squad of the communist party crossed over en-masse to Didi’s side when the power equation changed.

Moving on from the material to the spiritual, we remember Karl Marx famously proclaiming, “Religion is the opium of the masses”. The communist states officially practised atheism and there were many stories of persecutions. But how the times have changed. Even China has 5 registered religions in Buddhism, Chrisitianity, Protestanism, Islam and Taoism, although the incarceration of a million Muslims in Xinjiang province of China is a major human-rights talking point today. Thirty years after the fall of the Iron Curtain Conservative Christianity has regained its popular hold in East Europe and Buddhism is making inroads in Vietnam and Cambodia.

So am I batting for capitalism? No way!

Let’s travel to the heart of capitalism-the US of A. Dial back to Gordon Gekko and the movie ‘Wall Street’- “Greed is good”, summarizing the complete deregulation of the Reagan years to the recession of 2008 where the US Govt bailed out too big to fail banks and companies. The top-honchos walked away with fat bonuses and salaries. The middle-class and working class people lost their pensions and their employment. Real incomes after the recession were lower than in the mid 1980’s. The lobbying, the quid pro quo and the nexus between Wall Street, the White House, Capitol Hill and even the Ivy League Colleges is stark and there for all to see.

Just 2 other indicators to show the hollowness of this capitalist model. After the undermining of Obamacare, the US has the worst health-care system for its people amongst all developed nations. It should look to neighbouring Canada for inspiration. As for student loans it stands at a whopping $1.5 trillion. A huge burden even for the young college grads getting into the work force. Forcing them to not buy houses or get married. At times, a huge cross to bear for their parents also.

The bitter fight of the capitalists against communism has not earned them a higher moral ground. The McCarthy witch hunt against many innocent US citizens started it all. The Cold-War rhetoric was inflamed to support the US military-industrial complex. More bombs were dropped on Vietnam than in the entire 2nd World War. Scorching the earth through napalm and poisoning rivers are the dark truths that the country will always seek to suppress. I stumbled on the irrationality of it all whilst  watching a  documentary ‘Hunting Klaus Barbie’ about the Nazi Butcher of Lyon. The US Intelligence nabbed this known killer after the war and instead of bringing him to justice used him to dig up Commie secrets for many years. He remained a free man till the mid ‘80s.

Another example is how capitalism has evolved in South Korea. A developed economy with some of the biggest brands to resonate across the world. These few family run conglomerates like Samsung not only drive the economy but call the shots in the highest government quarters. The Chaebol, in a way, runs the country.

And so we wait for the next grand experiment. A happy mix of a welfare state and a free market. Where basics like food, shelter, health, education, public utilities, law, and order are guaranteed, coexisting with entrepreneurship and innovation,  aspirations and wealth-creation.

Let the final word rest with George Orwells’s classic ‘Animal Farm’- the best unravelling of the communist culture and state of mind. What starts of as the Utopian ideal of creating a paradise of progress, justice, and equality where all are happy and free but fatally ignores the universal human weakness for power, control, and greed. Alas, the revolution against tyranny leads to totalitarianism, just as terrible.